Do you know how to differentiate sadness from depression?

Sadness is part of life. We all go through difficult times, such as losses, disappointments or changes, and feeling sadness in these situations is a natural response. Depression, however, is an illness that goes far beyond this feeling. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), around 280 million people live with depression worldwide, making this disorder one of the main causes of disability.

The disease can affect anyone, regardless of age, profession or social status. Personalities such as Prince Harry, singer Lady Gaga, actor Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson, comedian Whindersson Nunes and singer Paula Fernandes have already spoken publicly about the fight against depression, helping to reduce prejudice and encourage other people to seek help.

Psychiatrist Pedro Borges, from the Maria Modesto Institute, a reference in care related to mental health in the Triângulo Mineiro, clarifies the main differences between sadness and depression and explains when it is necessary to seek specialized help.

How to differentiate normal sadness, which is part of life, from depression?

Pedro Borges: Sadness is usually linked to a specific event and, even though it is painful, it tends to diminish over time. The person continues to be able to find moments of joy and maintains their daily activities, albeit with difficulty.

Depression is a disorder that persists for weeks or months and significantly interferes with routine. In addition to intense sadness, it is common to have a loss of interest in activities that previously gave pleasure, changes in sleep and appetite, constant tiredness, difficulty concentrating, a feeling of uselessness, excessive guilt and hopelessness.

Many people believe that it is enough to "react" or "think positive", but this is not reality. Depression is a disease that involves biological, psychological and social factors and should be treated like any other health problem.

What signs indicate that it's time to seek professional help, rather than just waiting for the situation to pass?

Pedro Borges: When symptoms start to compromise your routine, work, studies, relationships or personal care, it's time to seek help. It is also important to seek medical evaluation when sadness persists for more than two weeks, there is a loss of interest in life, social isolation, frequent bouts of crying, significant changes in sleep or eating, constant irritability, difficulty making decisions or thoughts related to death.

Unfortunately, many people only arrive at the office when the disease is already at a more advanced stage. The sooner we start treatment, the greater the chances of recovery and the lesser the impact on quality of life.

Is depression treatable? How can psychiatric care help with the patient's recovery and quality of life?

Pedro Borges: Yes. Depression can be treated, and the vast majority of people improve when they receive adequate monitoring. Treatment may include psychotherapy, antidepressant medications, when indicated, and lifestyle changes, such as regular physical activity, improving sleep quality and strengthening the support network.

The psychiatrist evaluates each case individually, identifies the severity of the symptoms and defines the best therapeutic strategy. Continuous monitoring is also essential to monitor the patient's progress, adjust treatment when necessary and prevent relapses.

Seeking a psychiatrist does not mean weakness, but recognizing that mental health deserves the same care as physical health.

Feeling sad at times is natural. But, when symptoms persist, affect routine and compromise well-being, seeking help is an act of self-care. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment make all the difference. Talking about depression, combating prejudice and encouraging the search for help can save lives.

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